Tissue engineering is a multi-disciplinary field that involves cell biology, biomaterials, scaffold engineering, bioreactor engineering, and clinical research with the aim of regenerating diseased tissues and organs. The strategy of tissue engineering is to seed cells (autologous adult cells, stem cells, or progenitor cells) into a biodegradable scaffold, which act as a temporary template for diseased tissues. The cell-seeded construct is then implanted to the targeting site in the body for tissue regeneration. The cells produce their own matrix to form a new tissue while the scaffold is gradually absorbed. Our interest in tissue engineering has been focused on combating the cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic vascular disease, in the form of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease (small diameter blood vessels, SDBV, <6 mm in diameter) remains the leading cause of mortality in the United States. To address the shortage of vascular grafts for the reconstruction of SDBV, novel strategies are required to either construct tissue-engineered arteries or improve the performance of commercial available synthetic grafts. We have recently developed a novel family of biodegradable elastomeric polymers, poly(diol citrates) for soft tissue engineering. An elastic biphasic scaffold based on poly(diol citrates) has shown great potential for tissue-engineering SDBV. This material-based tissue engineering method represents a new starting point towards engineering a functional vascular graft. The applications of the versatile poly(diol citrate) have been extended to orthopaedic fixation devices. We have fabricated a novel bone screw using POC-Hydroxyapatite (HA) composite through a convenient and cost-effective method.